Why is American Whiskey Called Bourbon?
The global American whiskey market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 9.9% from 2019 to reach $16.8 billion by 2025 (Statista). Bourbon, Tennessee whiskey, and rye whisky are the three main types of American whiskies. Demand for American whiskey has been surging globally, with new distilleries popping up in Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, New York, and Colorado (Whisky Magazine).
The term 'Bourbon' brings to mind the historical and cultural significance of Kentucky, but the reality is more complex. Over 95% of the world's bourbon whiskey is produced in Kentucky, according to the Kentucky Distillers' Association. However, bourbon production is allowed across the United States, though it is highly concentrated in Kentucky.
Federal Standards and Definitions
The Federal standards governing the identity of bourbon whiskey specify that it must be a 'distinctive product of the United States' and cannot be used to describe any whiskey or whiskey-based distilled spirits produced elsewhere. For a whiskey to be labeled as bourbon, the mash (grain mixture) must contain at least 51% corn. The mash must be distilled to 160 proof or less, and the distilled spirit must be aged in charred new oak barrels without any additives.
The Myths and Truths Behind the Name
The origin of the name bourbon is often linked to the Bourbon dynasty and New Orleans. However, the true inspiration for the term is less clear. Some suggest the name is derived from Bourbon County in Kentucky, while others point to Bourbon Street in New Orleans, both named in honor of the French Bourbon dynasty. The use of the term bourbon for barrels isn't uncommon, especially when dealing with inferior or un-distilled whiskey mash.
Understanding the Misconceptions
Many people, including bartenders and consumers, mistakenly assume that any American whiskey can be called "bourbon." This misconception is often fueled by a lack of knowledge about the strict production standards. For instance, I once encountered a scenario at a hotel in Lafayette, Louisiana, where a bartender referred to both Jack Daniel's and Crown Royal as bourbon. Neither product meets the rigorous standards and is only legally bourbon if it comes from Kentucky and meets the specific criteria.
At the Petroleum Club in San Antonio, a similar confusion arose. The bartender mistakenly served Jack Daniel’s and Crown Royal under the guise of bourbon. Upon questioning, the bartender maintained they served it as bourbon because "that's what we have." This blurred distinction highlights the importance of proper education and knowledge in the industry.
It's crucial to remember that bourbon is simply one type of American whiskey. Other well-known varieties include Tennessee whiskey and rye whisky, each with their unique characteristics and production methods. Understanding the nuances and specifics is key to appreciating the rich and diverse world of American whiskies.
Conclusion
Bourbon is not just a spirit; it is a symbol of American heritage and tradition. Its name is deeply rooted in history, distilled with care, and imbued with a rich cultural significance. While the term 'Bourbon' is often used by those who don't fully understand the nuances, it is ultimately a matter of respect and authenticity to adhere to the strict standards set by the federal government.
Whether you're a seasoned connoisseur or a curious new enthusiast, understanding the true nature of bourbon will enhance your appreciation of this iconic American beverage.