The Royal Navy's Rum Rations: A Legacy of Tradition
The Royal Navy has a rich and storied history involving rum rations, a practice that spanned centuries and evolved with the times. Pussers Rum, one of the most famous rums used, remains an iconic symbol of this tradition. This article explores the history, usage, and significance of rum rations, providing insights into what life was like for sailors in the Royal Navy and the British Army.
Historical Context: From the 17th Century to 1970
From the 17th century until 1970, the Royal Navy issued daily rations of rum to sailors. Known as 'Pusser's Rum', this variety of rum was named after the term 'Pusser', derived from an 18th-century slang for naval purser who managed the ship's supply of rum. This practice began in 1655 and continued until the ration was finally abolished in 1970.
During this time, the daily ration of rum was an integral part of naval life. The daily allotment of one pint of rum per sailor was issued every day, and it served both as a form of rations and a morale booster. The rum was often issued in wooden barrels or duty-issued items, with the iconic Pussers Rum being a prominent brand.
Transition and Modern Practice
Starting in 1984, the brokerage company EDF Man took over the procurement and blending of rum for the Royal Navy. Rum for the Navy was purchased and blended according to the admiralty's specifications. While the daily ration was ended in 1970, the tradition of having rum available on ships continued. The Captain or the Ship's Surgeon could still issue rum for various reasons, such as medical or ceremonial purposes.
The British Army's Rum Ration
The British Army also had and still has a rum ration tradition, though it differs from that of the Royal Navy. The Army's rum ration was typically issued under specific conditions, such as extreme cold weather. If the air temperature was below zero for more than 48 hours, and the troops were living in the field, they would receive a ration. The rum used to arrive in wooden boxes secured with brass screws, and the soldiers would typically receive rations in small measures because of the strength of the alcohol.
Personal Experiences: My Father's Battle in Norway
My father, who served in the British Army, was stationed in Norway during a crucial evacuation. During the evacuation, they had to dispose of their stores to prevent them from falling into the hands of the Germans. This included the Navy rum, which was dumped into the fjord to ensure it wouldn't be seized. When they returned to the UK, a parade was held, and every soldier shook their water bottles. Rum was so potent that it could damage the enamel lining of the bottles, as the last ration I remember receiving was extremely strong and issued in minimal measures.
The last jar of rum I opened was dated 1951 and originated from Naval stores in Gibraltar. This rum was so significant that it was still being provided well after the Gulf War in 1991, when we were on exercise in Germany and the weather was exceptionally cold. This tradition of providing rum rations has deep historical roots and continues to be a significant part of military lore and traditions to this day.
While the daily rum ration is a thing of the past, the traditions and stories surrounding these rations remain a cherished part of military history. These rations represented more than just a drink; they were a part of the daily routine and culture that shaped the lives of sailors and soldiers for over three centuries.